Treatment of Scoliosis in

Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine with lateral curvature and vertebral rotation. ICD-10 code M41 covers idiopathic, neuromuscular, congenital, and juvenile forms. Most pediatric cases are idiopathic (about 90%), manifesting during the pre-pubertal and adolescent growth period. In Huizhou we follow the approach refined at the Yuncheng Orthopedic Research Institute. Diagnostics begin with 3D scanning of the back and shoulders using the Italian posture assessment system, standing-position radiography with mandatory Cobb angle measurement, scoliometry, and Risser staging of skeletal maturity. These data allow us to distinguish functional from structural curvature and choose the right tactic. The key technique is a custom orthosis built with 3D modeling technology. Unlike off-the-shelf braces, we merge the scan with the child's radiograph and use CAD/CAM production for the most precise fit. A distinctive feature of our approach is the mandatory nighttime orthosis: during sleep muscle tone is reduced, tissue plasticity is at its peak, and nighttime correction delivers the most significant Cobb angle shift. The daytime orthosis supports posture and reinforces correct positioning patterns. The orthosis is paired with specialized therapeutic exercise (asymmetric Schroth-style exercises, breathing gymnastics, stabilizer muscle training), medical massage, and physiotherapy. For Cobb angles up to 25° we usually rely on exercise and monitoring; 25–40° — the core orthosis course; above 40° at skeletal maturity with fast progression — surgery is discussed in a specialized clinic. According to our outcome tracking, 85–90% of pediatric and adolescent scoliosis patients fully avoid surgery with a well-run conservative program.